Hi everyone. My name is Mark. I now will be presenting a sex difference in blood pressure variability in response to sodium and potassium diet. Direct retainer with factor for cardiovascular disease, which remains of an income for mortality in the US, are alive with interested in the relation of sodium and potassium with blood pressure. This is because America, to our continued study of and don't consume enough potassium. Increases in blood pressure indeed incur some study established that every 100 minimal increase in daily sodium intake was related to an increase in 3.5 millimeters of mercury systolic blood pressure in the general population. Other hand, potassium is related to decreases in blood pressure. In these Gary, they serve an inverse relationship between quartiles of our urinary potassium excretion and blood pressure and or subjects consuming high sodium diets. The study was not the only one showing that potassium could take a hypotensive effective sodium. The effect of the dietary factors in another, important cardiovascular outcomes such as blood pressure variability or BPD, remains understudied. Dpv is the file size on patterns of continuous dynamic fluctuations of blood pressure that occurred over time. In our lab, we're interested in short-term BTV, which refers to 24 hours calculator. We use average variability as an index, which is the average of actual differences between adjacent well pressures and are shown in the figures of hazard ratios increases its systolic ARV are related to the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Therefore, the importance of using this index. Limited literature from run into human studies suggest correlation between a high sodium diet and an increased PPV in non-diabetic habit isn't patients of Qajar observed correlation between 24 hour urinary or you mean 24 hour and I times systolic and diastolic PPV. However, most humans studies have been performed only in clinical populations are now control feeding studies. Therefore, they show relations, but they do not imply causality. Furthermore, the role of that potassium on BTV remains unclear. And do two potassiums lowering blood pressure effect. We may think that potassium may have the same effect or B2B. Without studying the effect of the item blood pressure. We are also interested in sections of biological viable mechanism underlying BP control differ between males and females. Indeed, a cinematograph healthy male tend to have higher 24 hour Laplacian value from age much pre-menopausal females. I want to examine the effect of guidance tracks on blood pressure against soft study revealed that females exhibit a grayer blood pressure reduction gonna allow for intervention, but also female. Actually we're a greater increases and there are high so intervention. However, in this carry, blood pressure measures were not determine whether 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor what you've done that there's tempo is not only Lynn was not limited to normal individual and potassium was not provide a Whole Foods particles to implement. The aim of this carrier wants to store the interactive process of dietary, sodium and potassium, low blood pressure and blood pressure particularly under tell me what influences Effect. Due to the fact that the mechanism govern in blood pressure regulation between taxes we hypothesized in the two variables correspond to dietary, sodium and potassium. For this equal to some constant and it's cleaning or which we measure anthropometric blood pressure, any TGA perform o'clock drop. Let subject-verb our medical history and physical activity questionnaires. Individuals between the ages of 20 to 24 years old, normative for normal ECG free of disease and with our body mass index welcome 30 were included. Our international consistent 37 day diets in random order. More potassium or low sodium or potassium, high sodium and high good Akamai sodium. Scarring on the edges of each die. They want an ambulatory blood pressure monitor and record a urine for 24 hours. 37 healthy, none of a software system. Young individuals completed this time, 20 females, females are subject were mostly Caucasian and there was no difference in BMI 8, your breakout clashes between females and males. Males have lower heart rate and high body mass than females. Urine of Malawi levels and urinary sodium excretion Increase in history of intervention compared to low sodium interventions which confirm compliance. Urinary potassium excretion was increased and high potassium increments just compacting more productive interventions. We also compare compliance. But for now on your 324, our daytime and nighttime pressures in the same order will be followed by four variability. On the graph, you will see the y axis represent into stoic pressure. And the right figure you will see the y axis represent the diastolic pressure. The x axis will always be R3 dietary interventions, my alcohol, always the picture with laughter, cortex, PMO of these red squares. I'll double-click scratch graph. You will also see main effect of diet on tax and the interaction between two. Males had higher systolic systolic pressures on females only and high potassium, high sodium diet. Post-hoc test further whether you have a high potassium. The creek female 24 hour, she saw a pressure under high sodium compared to high sodium alone. But this is now happening for a layoff corner for our dA. So I've got pressure was higher on the low sodium compared to potassium. In males and females. Males had higher away systolic pressure than females regardless of dye. Post-hoc tests also show the high potassium or to decrease female day time. She saw a pressure under high sodium compared to high sodium alone. And this happened in May of mouth of females experience or recreate and a timeless toy pressure on the high potassium, high 31. Compare two more potassium luxury. You may also see a higher nighttime to solid crashes on female to our list of diet. Interactively, males and females experience or decrease on the high sodium compared to low sodium and nighttime diastolic pressure. The main effects on international when nonsignificant for 24-hour systolic variability may also have higher 24 hour diastolic by abilities regardless of diet. When in fact an international we're also not significant for dairy countries, particularly MN had hired that they time diastolic whatever array female. So rather than diets may reflect an international go to LA, significant force is nytimes you click variability and nighttime diastolic variability increase on their high potassium and sodium compared to more potassium low sodium in both sexes. Now, press enter higher systolic pressure on female. Sodium and our potassium was actually not extra Any effective historically ability to shiver a higher 24 hour day time, the alcoholic variability, not female. And I tell that story, portability was higher on high potassium, high sodium compared to mercury potassium. Sodium. Cuter carried me to address a differential response of men and women to the effectiveness decades the budget for reducing cardiovascular risk. And with that, I would just like to acknowledge my Cardiovascular Nutrition lab group led by Dr. Cheryl Lenin and Katarina. Our elections which were very important for the development of this project. Authors that irritation for P and Christina, which to try the food in our law coordinator like that. Lastly, our collaborator, go far choir and dry and ******* and our agencies that help fund the project. And with this, I will take any questions.
2A: Sex Differences in Blood Pressure Variability in response to Sodium and Potassium Diets, Macarena Ramos Gonzalez
From Caitlin Hutchison April 13, 2021
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Elevated blood pressure variability (BPV), as indicated by natural fluctuations in blood pressure (BP), is associated with cardiovascular mortality. Understanding how different dietary components such as sodium and potassium affect BPV could be important for reducing CVD risk. Mechanisms regulating BP differ between men and women, however the effect of sex on BPV has not been thoroughly explored. The goal of this study was to explore the interactive effects of dietary sodium and potassium on BPV and determine whether sex influences these effects. Thirty-seven healthy, normotensive, non-obese adults (BP: 114±12/73±7 mmHg; 26.7±4.8 years; BMI: 24.3±2.9 kg/cm2) completed 7 days each of the following diets: moderate potassium/low sodium (MK/LS), moderate potassium/high sodium (MK/HS) and a high potassium/high sodium (HK/HS) diet in randomized order. BP and BPV (calculated with average real variability, ARV) were determined from 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. Women exhibited lower 24-h SBP on HK/HS compared to the MK/HS diet (110±8 mmHg vs 112±7 mmHg; p=0.03). This difference was not present in men (117±6 mmHg vs 117±6 mmHg; p=0.9). For all subjects, 24-h DBP was higher on the MK/LS vs HK/HS diet (69±5 mmHg vs 67±5 mmHg; p=0.01) and higher on MK/LS diet compared to MK/HS diet (69±1 mmHg vs 68±1 mmHg; p=0.02) while there were no differences by sex. For 24-h SBP ARV, there was no effect of diet or sex. Men had a higher 24-h DBP ARV compared to women (8±2 mmHg vs 7±1 mmHg; p=0.006) regardless of diet. Our results suggest that in the context of a high sodium diet, a higher potassium intake may help lower BP in women but not in men. Future studies need to address the differential response of men and women to the effectiveness of dietary interventions for reducing CVD risk.
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