Economically, there wasn't a lot to understand that. It's hard to work as we all know that story. And thanks to the fact that we have a diversity equity and inclusion. Being here in Delaware. There are states in this country where no longer are very, very proud of the United States today. This is actually, it's a very interesting map that shows the percentage of his slave population in Maryland and the surrounding states in the South, there was a more of an influence. But again, every day we have to acknowledge and stuff the password. As I said, I got my degree in ecology can University of Delaware to timeout, went to Baltimore International Arts Institute and got a chef's degree. I went back in archaeology. But each time, as I said, I think every time I joke about archeologists doing the dishes is that the remains that we find very often happens with the procurement, the preparation, and certainly it's the most basic human activity. And so it's always something interesting on each side. And so I began that process probably 35 years ago, actually with fluorine at the the iron hill, with archaeology and Heritage Festival exploring not only what these might have been in these people's lives, but what they might have actually tasted like to go through and look at the ingredients, look at the, the things that we find in the ground. Now what we're talking about native peoples, again, we need to be really careful about how far back we are talking. We use the clock for about 12:14 thousand years of Native American occupation of this continent. One of the things that archaeology is that it's actually changed. Can you afford 20 years ago, there was discussion of a root at negative pin before we call the Paleo-Indian, the groups he came into the confidence and the stage. And it looks like there may have been some that you hear when they Iranian sites are really hard to find and we believe really long time. And now they're just too much evidence and archaeologists are about it. So if you show it some of them, we're gonna go ahead. And so this is actually a photo Mexico of megafauna. I think it's pretty amazing when you think that this is what the early days people sneezing the animals, that they weren't bonuses. And again, over on the right-hand side, we have very specialized spear points that movie points. Because if you're going after an elephant, stick and a sharp drop, it better be. You go from the paleo, get near the end of the last ice age, the spine, the piano, and where you're talking about climate change began to go ahead and move from a cold and dry environment and big swings, that environment change and climate, he would be dry for ten years and hot for ten years in a wet for ten years. And as we got into the next period with RKO, began things settled down and begin to get seasonality. And the other thing that happens is you have all of that biases captured up in the ice, in the glacier is beginning to mount. And what we mean now, it's like raising the sea level. And so on the right-hand side is actually the Chesapeake Bay. And in blue is the ancestral, ancestral have a railroad. The Chesapeake Bay is just the lower assess what happened just like the Delaware Bay is the lower LDL. And as all of that water flooded up into what we call it an estuary or the payment. That really rich ecosystem. It is estimated that the Chesapeake Bay was the richest single planet Earth back in prehistoric times. And we're going to talk a little bit about why that is true. So here you have the Delaware may remember you've got the ocean, seawater up into the river valley. And so at the mouth you have salt water or salt at the head you have freshwater. And somewhere along the waterway you have every cylinder all the way from fresh to solve. So anything that can swim is going to be able to live somewhere within that day. And so things like oysters and crabs and shrimp up at the top, red herring probably know you've talked about salmon having returned to the screen that based on him. Well, that is also true on the East Coast with sturgeon and Chad and Harry. Those are coming from the ocean back up. And in the case of the testicle, the set point, Hannah is like a mile wide and valid FlipKey. You're having every single fish that was born in that watershed, which covers five. It ends up in New York all coming home at the same time. So that's one of the things is that these estuaries not going to give you all of this ie food is the waterway again, all those waterfowl coming up seasonally are also stopping by. And then all of the animals were also drawn down to the water. And so really these days were you were sitting right in the middle of it groceries. You have all those resources. And it's really interesting because this is a phenomenon. You find a round planet. When you, if you've been intensively exploited these marine resources, it gives you the ability to kind of get his jump up from hunting and gathering, to skip being a farm. I mean, you had to be a farmer. You want to. But if you can get more chat and then beneath that, why are we eating pork when we can meet, meeting chat? And it's interesting, I've done a lot of holes in the same dollar and talk about my three sisters and corn and squash and beans. However, in a dome or Peninsula, we actually do not find that much direct physical evidence of them on-site. We can find corn crops and things like that, but we just don't really find them. But we do find essence, continue to rely on this on wetland plants and seeds, chemo coating of amaranth, goose foot. It's almost like he's keep a little looking at horticulturists is coming into the area and going, Yeah, I guess maybe you want to sit around and watch of plant growth. But I'd rather go fishing frankly. So it's almost like a kind of skipped over that step. So again, we'll talk a little bit about hunting and gathering. Again, you're moving with the width. We talked about Paleo-Indian, where if the mask on it goes that way and kind of pretty much have qualified because that's the food source. But in this case, when we move into the hunting and gathering, it's more looking at it as a regional resource mates. In this case, you may go down into the river valley in the spring to exploit the Shad. You may go off into another area to pick berries or nuts or seeds. Where to go up into the highlands where you know that you are in a winter, it's what called the column header nominalism. So rather than going from Maryland and Pennsylvania, eventually going to Ohio, you're moving around within one ecosystem and exploiting all of his resources on a seasonal basis. And so that did change. That basically it's almost, you can talk about the ABC AB turnover is about when this packet of cultural material came up from the South with pottery and squash and beans actually coming up from Mesoamerica, coming around and up the Mississippi and then spreading out through the middle of market concentration. And it was adopted by pretty much everybody. That's the summit. And they end up being actually the things that allow you to really begin to move from hunters and gatherers and small bands into a village and this is positive and negative. One of the things about being a horticulturalists is one, you have property. It's not like if you just get up and go to another tree, you have crops in the ground, you have to stay there. You're also in a limited area because you can't grow the same crop in the same field without some sort of enrichment from flooding. And so people tend to live in the river valleys. I will send you read in one place at one time and you have a commodity. And we begin to see evidence at this point of inter-group conflict. And so again, this village, again, this is one of these early with the graphs, you can see the palette. Say that it's something that we really don't find it earlier. Where people are having to sort of protect or resource that as we move into what is called the ligament, that is something we're beginning to see. Are you having larger groups of people who were settling down in one place at one time. And the agriculture is what is doing that. You have to have a certain amount of body fat in order to be for. So if you are a lean mean hunting and gathering machine, you may not be to have that many children because your body fat and your body mechanism is not really set up for that. Also, in a hunting and gathering community, every kid has to be careful. If there's a kid and there's no way to carry them, that's a problem. Because so again, you have this sort of natural suppression of your population as a hunter and gatherer because you have to keep moving around when you begin to settle into the village and things change. Because again, you can put more seeds in the ground, more protein out, have more kids, and have a big population. Unfortunately, this is what the Native Americans were doing when we arrived. And kind of slow heart diseases and a lot of other things and begin to push the needy people out of their natural areas. And so again, we talked about archaeologist. Again, these are the kinds of things we end up making up. We end up being digging up bones and not just the bones of deer, but snakes and charlatans and frauds and all sorts of other things that beavers and it would have been part of the diet. Also, we'd go ahead and we simply can you think about burning something, there's a way to destroy the opposite. You burn something according to the carbon. So these are seed fragments that are thousands of years old. There's no way a seed survive. But once it's carbonized, it freezes it and makes it stable. And so again, when we go ahead and excavate these sites, we're actually finding direct physical evidence of the corn, beans and squash seeds. So from that archaeological background, I wasn't getting challenged by somebody who had a lecture to go ahead and come up with recipes. And so that is what you're going to eat each day is food from that cookbook. So again, the cherry wood smoke, Turkey, the Three Sisters suck attached. Woodland mushrooms, maize back and very legit. And then the verbal t. But we're just going to go through those again. The church he was supposed to be the national symbol. Benjamin Franklin wanted to Turkey to be the symbol of the eagle. Because again, it was just a much more magnificent Bird and not just like carrying eater. I mean, so this is smoke over sharing would with a mixture of juniper berries, Bailey wild leek and crushed walnuts, some mustard seed and sea salt, go wild leek. There are, the ramp you may have heard is a wildly, unfortunately they become kind of fetishized at this point and they are so foraged that they are actually becoming endangered. And so rather than go ahead and use the wild product, I take leaks and garlic and onions and mix them together. It's pretty similar flavor. And so again, I always think that the sense of humanity really isn't good smoked. And he is one of the things that was the biggest evolutionary jump for us. And so I always think you have to have something smoke. And each meal, we talked a little bit. Again, it's weird that as a chef, it's not that I am sort of stuck with a relatively limited number of seasons that we still use today, men, CMAC and mustering. But that's me. We have lost that knowledge. Native peoples would have had 100 different herbs and spices out of the woods than would've mimic every flavor that people think of when we don't have that knowledge. And so when I need to go ahead and make something that tastes like, say, you know, I have to go with like come up with a substitute. Because again, it's knowledge that we've lost. And again, some of these become, these are a little ahead of firms, which again are really delicious, but again are very heavily exploited. And these are the ramps and I was talking about. And so please use the chat bulletin. Don't take them all at and find them because they are delicious, but they're awesome too. I'm very, very rare. And so this is the banana bread that you have is actually the Choctaw recipe. Or read recipes that are indigenous and truly native or really tough. Because a lot of them were written down during the reservation period. So they include ingredients that would not have been available to native chefs. In this case, it's a mixture of four Neil green refresh form and a little bit of what's called the Spice gooseberry, which is a local indigenous science that has a flavor. It's called Appalachian allspice, and it has that all spicy flavor. But I think it's a much more interesting and a little bit of citrus and just a tiny bit of heat. So again, those are the ingredients. Can you all gonna get recipes for these? The other thing that we have around here, and again, I would like you to do as much from Bunker. We're coming out of the Morella season. But mushrooms again, we're all over the Woodlands and they would have definitely been exploited a great source of protein. However, again, I always caution people if you're gonna go out and do any kind of mushroom. It is famously said every mushroom is edible, but some of them are only edible Once. You have a tendency to concentrate alkaloids. And thought, I thought it was really actually, again, they're very good for you. Low-fat, high protein. Again, lots of anti-inflammatories, but they also end up concentrating on other sorts of things. This is a fascinating piece of art from Mesoamerica. And this guy actually has a whole series of what are basically hallucinogenic plants. I mean, it's interesting that they actually include nicotine in there along with the psilocybin mushrooms and all the rest of it, they began the mushrooms again are very interesting, but you need to be really careful. Now we've talked about the Three Sisters, which is squash beans. And neither one of those three is a particularly dense nutritional packet and just keep born, you would end up being watched. But the thing is with these three things together in your diet, they actually have complimentary amino acids. That's what the graph is here, is that basically when you go ahead and combine them in your diet, you're ending up with these amino acids forming basically meat or dairy quality protein. Again, we think that was really important because it meant that those three vegetarian sources of Prewitt really good. You can sustain herself on. So you could go and hunt and fish if you want to. But you didn't have to know if you wanted to hear him 20 min, I'll go get it here. I don't have to have a Urgent Care. And it's really interesting to Native Americans in North America or one of the few groups in the temperate below 50 and not domesticate them now for everybody else had to go to Rashid, robot or a water buffalo were muskox, Native American people, we think maybe domesticated the chart, but not the beer, not any other mammal. And again, I think part of that is because the bending because you may need it from the vegetative services. So again, this is the racist or second pass and you just have butternut, squash, yellow corn. Again, the small blue, yellow, or red beans are closer than runner B used. We find around here the line is. In this area. And again, a little bit of that spice mix from the spice buried. And again, this is the cornbread you're going to be having the word deserves. This was a tough one to try and find. I finally found in ship along recipe for corn red because a lot of warm red recipes again and have these ingredients Accord. He is the staff of life that actually they are all wall is part of life, but it has a couple of problems. One of them being that our hospital on each kernel is indigestion. You all know, not only would you rate your teeth right horn, but you've tried to warn you asked her and so you have to process to make that protein available. You can go ahead and we didn't have, and that's what Hominini is. You soak the corn kernels and basically the lie. You know, it's an alkaline solution which dissolves the outer products. You can also do parched corn today, where you go ahead and soak it in water, it swelled to that cracks that outer shell and they can be Fry and in this case seasonal a little bit of sea salt and you got to do something to the corn to make that protein available. It's really interesting again, we've talked about my, my struggle trying to find a truly authentic corn rivers. Because again, a lot of the rest reservations, ingredients and you have here would not have been available to indigenous chefs. Fascinating lecture or from a Canadian native group. And I've never heard it before, but it was five white flour, sugar, lard, and milk. Which again, were not available to the indigenous people, but we're part of the commodities that we've given them to the reservation. And then also like, you know, they make them saying, I don't understand that either. All right. And so luckily with the Chippewa, the recipe come up with one. It literally is just torn meal, corn oil, honey, sea salt, water, and dry berries. And I think somebody mentioned are really interesting point is, you've got any kind of talk about primary. I mean, everybody loves bright red. It is known as saying not delicious. No one's saying it's not something of nostalgia. And the cultural we've mentioned. But there's nothing in the kitchen making everything in there is one of the five link? Yes. Yeah. I also I have a couple of thoughts. Do not need to know enough yet. I read is it doing? And unfortunately this was wondering issue is, is, you know, we know that native peoples were you not get within the sciences and they're eating turkey and nuts and seeds and grains and had this really diverse, well-balanced diet. And then they would throw new reservation basically given the leftover craft code and develop. And no. Okay. And unfortunately, amongst the various violence as we did in h equals what we did in their food is again, just reach. And the fact that to this day, Native American peoples, That's hot, this nutritional outcomes in terms of diabetes and obesity and those sorts of things, because of the kinds of food that he continue. Again with. Wheat flour, salt, white sugar, lard, and melt. Which again, the Lord is fat. And so they wouldn't have any areas that they wouldn't have had like a big tub. You fry, your fragrant. And so I have to admit, I've been doing this for maybe 35 years then when I started. But they really weren't other, they weren't indigenous chefs out there talking. So I have to admit a little bit of reassurance when I got Shawn determines book club does sous chef, which everybody should take a look at it. It's really fascinating. And also James Beard Award winning lottery, one of the 100 most influential men in America. Just this last one. Because of again, he had what he is work is going ahead and taking up sort of what I have been talking about. But really going ahead and recapturing and reconnected to the food sovereignty. And he has a chapter, why not one good ground? Alright, let's play a little game. Can anybody name a Indigenous In North American fruit? Fruit. Vegetable. Won't fall under the morning. Yeah. So who's going through persimmon? Cranberries there, the crab apple, while the green wild chairing, the Beach Plum and thank goodness the berries. Because as a chef, the Pope Paul, the persimmon and the crab. Top fruit salad with sugar. Paul, paul is yet until it's right. So it goes in and the whole ripe rot let the person. And the person means that you guys get to the grocery store agent. Those are the non stringent. So again, the native one, again, inevitable, inevitable in a Fulbright crap out. If you have an unlimited source of sleep, It's a great flavor. But they know there was an indigenous honeybee, but it is not particularly prolific. It doesn't make the eyes. So they would have been honey, but it would have been fairly scarce. And so most of the sweeping, probably again with entries apps don't know about maple syrup. You can also encourage honey locust, and there's other ways that you can get a sack. And go ahead. Actually, I heard a really fascinating about legend about maple syrup is that evidentially, there were, there was one of the gods was looking down on the earth and he heard these noises. All it means people are like laying down on the ground and then industries with a map like this sweet and an agreement with slippery tricking you into the lab and they were just laying there and getting fat and not doing anything. It's just like okay, we can't have that. And so he stays Liddy were seeking Sarah. They said, okay, well I'm going to just dial way to how the sugar and so no one's going to lay down there. I have my water in their mouth and so if you want the Sarah, do you want to have to work for it? I never heard that election pledge. And so what we've done today is again, what's called Woodstock or wood chopping. Don't have dessert. And so basically this is a mixture of different barriers. I used raspberry, blueberry, Blackberry, and strawberry, cooked down, sweetened with a little bit in the honey or maple syrup. And then I can make it a little bit easier to spoon, use a little bit of cornstarch to thicken. And so we're serving that with the band Desert and against leave the approval Move is pneumatic. Then we can finalize. We're gonna go ahead and you had a little bit of verbal team alone, another batch out. Again, most of, you know, there were no coffee. Obviously no black teeth is that's Caribbean or European and Asian. Same thing. But there were 1,000 plants. Early anthropologists going out into the upper northern plains. He said to the people they went out with had a specific use for about one in pure plants. They literally can use this. If you're a headache, if you haven't, you can go ahead and smoke this one. When you do go ahead and use this, you burn Plan and the ashes are salty. And you can use that for cookie. So again, all of these ways that when they walked out in the woods, it literally was a supermarket. And so what we have today is a mixture of juniper berries, rose hips, red raspberry leaves, red clover, and knit. And one of the things that we started doing with my edits hope that it is actually matter. Kanai and was one of the knowledge keepers in her family. Her grandmother used to take her out and talk about the plants and talking about the intestinal residence. And so she and I are now starting to cleaning up or I'm sorry to talk with you about the culinary part where she talks about however, I think that if you sort of stopping the thing, there's medicine to cure. But there's also preventive medicine. Which means if you're getting a diet and you're getting your vitamins, you're getting, or you're getting your protein, but you're not going to get sick. And so you don't have that intervention where you find to go ahead and find something. You're. So in this case, each of these ingredients, again, high antioxidant, this could have been ingestion. Rose hips are one of the highest source of vitamin C like on the planet. And so again, very good for the immune system and get a lot of these are good for the stomach, helped to settle the stomach and stimulating appetite and those sorts of things. So again, in the, that line between keeping well, and then if you cross that line and come out of balance, there's somebody in the group, but notice something that you can take to go ahead and bring you back. So again, food was fluid, but she really was awesome. Let's see, indigenous. Yeah. Yeah. Yes. Age, definitely, yes, age. But again, it's age commands. Unfortunately, a lot of again, all the fruits are dissolved once we have, but also mean nasals, not Rose Mary is not. A lot of those are all the ancient world. It's interesting. I mean, you could definitely, sweet, and I would imagine you could probably process that. Really needs to Western Europe in Latin means that everywhere that that's fine, but they're not there for me, it was perfect. Because again, men did definitely that he does talk about a little sweetness to it. So I imagined that. And that's one of the things is that it's a little tricky when I'm doing cooking like this, is that they probably in this area. You because you're close enough to the ocean is salt would not have been an issue, would've been able to get evaporated sea salt as you move in, sulfates. So this week, so it doesn't, so I think a lot of the indigenous foods wouldn't have actually been fairly mildly season. Our taste buds have gotten so amped up for salt and sweet, sour. And facts that again, I think I'll leave a lot of the native foods probably wouldn't seem very sort of plane. And under season two. But again, that's the flavor. Yeah, it's interesting. There's, there's arguments within the history community. But there is a myelin fy dy. All right. I'm just saying I wouldn't ever be God if there wasn't. But again, it is not the, the, the honeybees be advocating in our hives in a European was if they're not African. And so again, there were tears. There was a honey bee. But they're not, they were, they didn't produce a lot, as you might find that in the code, but it's not just like giant. And so I think anything sweet like that with a couple of governmental tree. And that's probably again right when the berries came in, they picked every single married and drive them for use as a calculator. Because again, a lot of other fruits were just another channel. Anymore questions? Yeah, those are great. Really sweet. I frankly, when I began to play around with them, I think I would a company like no way thinking like of vinegar and use it as a target, a reunion. Because again, you'd have to use all your honey making. This class that are not professional chefs. Where would we get these be available? Therapies like this if we wanted to try suppressor. Oh, I mean, most I mean, you go ahead and you look up like a health food store at Earth shop. But very often, I mean, I know of two or three that I go to where they again, they have all the different types of curves and TVs and things like that. And so I'm able to get them, they're pretty Britain. And then again, that's an interesting question because when we talk about healthy eating, it can look crappy. Food is cheap. Infected that you didn't quite have $1 hammering you again if you want. And so again, what can you actually do? A kind of a difference in? Now, at the beginning of the season, i-V-i, about $45 worth of herbs. That last meeting Here. Lily, gallons and gallons and gallons. So again, if you make that t and you have that in the refrigerator and rather than soda, and maybe a small step, kids love it. And so people say, Pinterest is not realistic and it's organic, wasn't realistic. They were like a couple of people out in California are there now to get my girls. I understood not be able to add to grow cilantro because you couldn't buy. So you might select several Latin world now. And again, I think we really can't. And it's one of those things that Sean Sherman and the other indigenous chefs again are looking at older, healthier way of eating and going ahead and saying, you know, we can do this. You don't have to have them. Well, you can go ahead and have, you know, Turkey. And it's, it's, it's kinda one city is if you build it today and you look up the Food and Drug Administration, food support to the plantation, I mean to the reservations. And neither is a literally a list. Just natural. There's nothing. It's all processed and CAM. And again, it's just not healthy fluid moves, things that we began to give him any 200 years ago, three years ago on that reservation, we're still fostering reservation. That's where the walks that genes can resume. Tolerant people. Good, good, It doesn't taste good. It just that you have to balance. All right. Well, thank you all very much. I am currently on the staff meals, historical sites outside of Baltimore City. And so we're gonna be doing a whole series of programs. And in fact, we did a show here where actually in a cooking show for all of these foods. And so in addition to the cookbook, I think if you go into the Jerusalem Bill's website in about a month, you'll actually be able to see a cooking show on how to act. But in case anybody doesn't merit. I am part of the torch or lowering of the grief Maryland or recipe. We are in the process of coming up on the anniversary of the Maryland late cocoa, which was done in 63. And we have decided that we're going to go ahead and do another addition. And so we went and looked at the cookbook. And unfortunately, it was really interesting sort of of its time. And you would think that everybody, Marilyn was named Bobby and had a house party. And we're looking like it's perish. Enough, is complete for Black Crook who's conveniently didn't make house. And they're cooking Native American food. Because you have to have craft and terror. And Chad rows and all those things that come from the day today, just like you did before. And so we decided that we're going to go ahead and put the Maryland way over here on the shelf where he continued to use. But we're actually going to be doing in numerical. And so collecting all of the recipes and all of that new memories by their users were here when the Mayflower arrived late, he came over on the Mayflower. Or whether you came over the last generation. Again, the food and culture is lean towards, so they shouldn't be sort of find themselves. And so we're going to be this Maryland recipes.org is going to be a permanent archive maintained by the State of Maryland with all of these out there. And so he go ahead and submit your grandmother's recipe. You can tell me to go and actually see it. And in a balance a year, we're gonna be going up into that archive and selecting out and doing a nucleophile, which has a little bit more. So, thank you-all. And please help yourself. I'd rather have you eat the food and take it up. Thank you for having me really.
6 NCHE Year 2 Session 6
From Carol Wong April 22, 2023
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